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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS);faqs.514



    Good luck with your studies in this area of space exploration. I
    personally find planetary missions to be one of the more exciting areas
    in this field, and the benefits human society has and will receive from
    it are incredible, with many yet to be realized.

    Larry Klaes  [e-mail]


NEXT: FAQ #11/15 - Upcoming planetary probes - missions and schedules
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Subject: Space FAQ 05/15 - References
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REFERENCES ON SPECIFIC AREAS

    PUBLISHERS OF SPACE/ASTRONOMY MATERIAL

    Crawford-Peters Aeronautica
    P.O. Box 152528
    San Diego, CA 92115
    [phone]

    An excellent source of all kinds of space publications. They publish
    a number of catalogs, including:
        Aviation and Space, 1945-1962
        Aviation and Space, 1962-1990
        Space and Related Titles

    Willmann-Bell
    P.O. Box 35025
    Richmond, Virginia 23235 USA
    (804)-320-7016 9-5 EST M-F

    Sky Publishing Corporation
    PO Box 9111
    Belmont, MA  02178-9111

    Offers "Sky Catalogue 2000.0" on PC floppy with information
    (including parallax) for 45000 stars.

    Cambridge University Press
    32 East 57th Street
    New York, NY 10022

    John Wiley & Sons
    605 Third Avenue
    New York, NY 10158-0012

    Superintendent of Documents
    US Government Printing Office
    Washington, DC 20402

    US Naval Observatory
    202-653-1079 (USNO Bulletin Board via modem)
    202-653-1507 General
    202-653-1545 Nautical Almanac Office (info on the Interactive
        Computer Ephemeris)

    Univelt, Inc.
    P. O. Box 28130
    San Diego, Ca. 92128

    Publishers for the American Astronomical Society.

    Finley Holiday Film Corporation
    12607 East Philadelphia Street
    Whittier, California 90601
    [phone]
    (800)FILMS-07

    Wide selection of Apollo, Shuttle, Viking, and Voyager slides at ~50
    cents/slide. Call for a catalog.

    Astronomical Society of the Pacific
    1290 24th Avenue
    San Francisco, CA 94122

    More expensive but better organized slide sets.

    Hansen Planetarium (Utah)

    Said to hold sales on old slide sets. Look in Sky & Telescope
    for contact info.

    Lunar and Planetary Institute
    3303 NASA Road One
    Houston, TX 77058-4399

    Technical, geology-oriented slide sets, with supporting
    booklets.

    Roger Wheate
    Geography Dept.
    University of Calgary, Alberta
    Canada T2N 1N4
    (403)-220-4892
    (403)-282-7298 (FAX)
    [e-mail]

    Offers a 40-slide set called "Mapping the Planets" illustrating
    recent work in planetary cartography, comes with a booklet and
    information on getting your own copies of the maps. $50 Canadian,
    shipping included.


    CAREERS IN THE SPACE INDUSTRY

    In 1990 the Princeton Planetary Society published the first edition of
    "Space Jobs: The Guide to Careers in Space-Related Fields." The
    publication was enormously successful: we distributed 2000 copies to
    space enthusiasts across the country and even sent a few to people in
    Great Britain, Australia, and Ecuador. Due to the tremendous response to
    the first edition, PPS has published an expanded, up-to-date second
    edition of the guide.

    The 40-page publication boasts 69 listings for summer and full-time job
    opportunities as well as graduate school programs. The second edition of
    "Space Jobs" features strategies for entering the space field and
    describes positions at consulting and engineering firms, NASA, and
    non-profit organizations. The expanded special section on graduate
    schools highlights a myriad of programs ranging from space manufacturing
    to space policy. Additional sections include tips on becoming an
    astronaut and listings of NASA Space Grant Fellowships and Consortia, as
    well as NASA Centers for the Commercial Development of Space.

    To order send check or money order made payable to Princeton Planetary
    Society for $4 per copy, plus $1 per copy for shipping and handling
    (non-US customers send an International Money Order payable in US
    dollars) to:

    Princeton Planetary Society
    315 West College
    Princeton University
    Princeton, NJ  08544


    DC-X SINGLE-STAGE TO ORBIT (SSTO) PROGRAM

    SDI's SSRT (Single Stage Rocket Technology) project has funded a
    suborbital technology demonstrator called DC-X that should fly in
    mid-1993. Further development towards an operational single-stage to
    orbit vehicle is uncertain at present; for considerably more detail on
    the SSRT program, get the document

    ames.arc.nasa.gov:pub/SPACE/FAQ/DeltaClipper

    by anonymous FTP or through the email server.


    LLNL "GREAT EXPLORATION"

    The LLNL "Great Exploration", a plan for an on-the-cheap space station,
    Lunar base, and Mars mission using inflatable space structures, excited
    a lot of interest on the net and still comes up from time to time. Some
    references cited during net discussion were:

    Avation Week Jan 22, 1990 for an article on the overall Great
    Exploration

    NASA Assessment of the LLNL Space Exploration Proposal and LLNL
    Responses by Dr. Lowell Wood LLNL Doc. No. SS 90-9. Their address
    is: PO Box 808 Livermore, CA 94550 (the NASA authors are unknown).

    Briefing slides of a presentation to the NRC last December may be
    available. Write LLNL and ask.

    Conceptual Design Study for Modular Inflatable Space Structures, a
    final report for purchase order B098747 by ILC Dover INC. I don't
    know how to get this except from LLNL or ILC Dover. I don't have an
    address for ILC.


    LUNAR SCIENCE AND ACTIVITIES

    Grant H Heiken, David T Vaniman, and Bevan M French (editors),
    "Lunar Sourcebook, A User's Guide to the Moon", Cambridge University
    Press 1991, ISBN 0-521-33444-6; hardcover; expensive. A one-volume
    encyclopedia of essentially everything known about the Moon,
    reviewing current knowledge in considerable depth, with copious
    references. Heavy emphasis on geology, but a lot more besides,
    including considerable discussion of past lunar missions and
    practical issues relevant to future mission design. *The* reference
    book for the Moon; all others are obsolete.

    Wendell Mendell (ed), "Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st
    Century", $15. "Every serious student of lunar bases *must* have
    this book" - Bill Higgins. Available from:

        Lunar and Planetary Institute
        3303 NASA Road One
        Houston, TX 77058-4399
        If you want to order books, call [phone].

    Thomas A. Mutch, "Geology of the Moon: A Stratigraphic View",
    Princeton University Press, 1970. Information about the Lunar
    Orbiter missions, including maps of the coverage of the lunar
    nearside and farside by various Orbiters.

    SPACECRAFT MODELS

    "Space in Miniature #2: Gemini" by
    Michael J. Mackowski
    1621 Waterwood Lane, St. Louis, MO 63146
    $7.50

    Only 34pp but enough pictures & diagrams to interest more than just the
    modelling community, I feel.

    Marco's Miniatures of Dracut, Mass. have produced a 1/144 Skylab in an
    edition of 500 & a 1/48 Lunar Rover (same scale as Monogram and Revell
    Lunar Modules) in a similar edition. Prices are $45 for Skylab, $24 for
    LRV. Check with them for postage etc. I have no connection with them,
    but have found their service to be good and their stock of rare/old kits
    *is* impressive. Prices range from reasonable ($35 for Monogram 1/32
    scale Apollo CSM with cutaway details) to spectacular ($145 for Airfix
    Vostok).

     Four Star Collectibles
     P.O. Box 658
     Dracut Mass 01826, USA.
     (508)-957-0695.

    Voyager, HST, Viking, Lunar Rover etc. kits from:

    Lunar Models
    5120 Grisham
    Rowlett, Texas 75088
    (214)-475-4230

    As reviewed by Bob Kaplow:

    Peter Alway's book "Scale Model Rocketry" is now available. Mine
    arrived in the mail earlier this week. To get your own copy, send
    $19.95 + $2.50 s/h ($22.45 total) to:

            Peter Alway
            2830 Pittsfield
            Ann Arbor, MI 48104

    The book includes information on collecting scale data, construction
    of scale models, and several handy tables. Appendicies include plans
    for 3 sport scale models, a 1:9.22 D Region Tomahawk (BT50), a 1/40
    V-2 (BT60), and a 1/9.16 Aerobee 150A (BT55/60).

    I've only begun to study the book, but it certainly will be a
    valuable data source for many modellers. Most vehicles include
    several paragraphs of text describing the missions flown by the
    rocket, various specs including "NAR" engine classification, along
    with a dimensioned drawing, color layouts & paint pattern, and a
    black & white photograph.

    The vehicles included are the Aerobee 150A, Aerobee 300, Aerobee Hi,
    Arcas, Asp, Astrobee 1500, Astrobee D, Atlas Centaur, Atlas-Agena,
    Atlas-Score, Baby WAC, D-Region Tomahawk, Deacon Rockoon, Delta B,
    Delta E, Gemini-Titan II, Iris, Javelin, Juno 1, Juno 2, Little Joe
    1, Little Joe 2, Mercury-Atlas, Mercury-Redstone, Nike-Apache,
    Nike-Asp, Nike-Cajun, Nike-Deacon, Nike-Tomahawk, RAM B, Saturn 1
    Block 1, Saturn 1 Block 2, Saturn 1B, Saturn 5, Scout, Standard
    Aerobee, Terrapin, Thor-Able, Titan III C, Titan III E, Trailblazer
    1, V-2, Vanguard, Viking Model 1, Viking Model 2, and Wac Corporal.


    ROCKET PROPULSION

    George P. Sutton, "Rocket Propulsion Elements", 5th edn,
    Wiley-Interscience 1986, ISBN 0-471-80027-9. Pricey textbook. The
    best (nearly the only) modern introduction to the technical side of
    rocketry. A good place to start if you want to know the details. Not
    for the math-shy. Straight chemical rockets, essentially nothing on
    more advanced propulsion (although earlier editions reportedly had
    some coverage).

    Dieter K. Huzel and David H. Huang, "Design of Liquid Propellant
    Rocket Engines", NASA SP-125.
    NTIS N71-29405        PC A20/MF A01    1971  461p
    Out of print; reproductions may be obtained through the NTIS
    (expensive). The complete and authoritative guide to designing
    liquid-fuel engines. Reference #1 in most chapters of Sutton. Heavy
    emphasis on practical issues, what works and what doesn't, what the
    typical values of the fudge factors are. Stiff reading, massive
    detail; written for rocket engineers by rocket engineers.


    SPACECRAFT DESIGN

    Brij N. Agrawal, "Design of Geosynchronous Spacecraft",
    Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0-13-200114-4.

    James R. Wertz ed, "Spacecraft Attitude Determination and
    Control", Kluwer, ISBN 90-277-1204-2.

    P.R.K. Chetty, "Satellite Technology and its Applications",
    McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-8306-9688-1.

    James R. Wertz and Wiley J. Larson (editors), "Space Mission
    Analysis and Design", Kluwer Academic Publishers
    (Dordrecht/Boston/London) 1991, ISBN 0-7923-0971-5 (paperback), or
    0-7923-0970-7 (hardback).

        This looks at system-level design of a spacecraft, rather than
        detailed design. 23 chapters, 4 appendices, about 430 pages. It
        leads the reader through the mission design and system-level
        design of a fictitious earth-observation satellite, to
        illustrate the principles that it tries to convey. Warning:
        although the book is chock-full of many useful reference tables,
        some of the numbers in at least one of those tables (launch
        costs for various launchers) appear to be quite wrong. Can be
        ordered by telephone, using a credit card; Kluwer's phone number
        is (617)-871-6600. Cost $34.50.


    ESOTERIC PROPULSION SCHEMES (SOLAR SAILS, LASERS, FUSION...)

    This needs more and more up-to-date references, but it's a start.

    ANTIMATTER:

    "Antiproton Annihilation Propulsion", Robert Forward
        AFRPL TR-85-034 from the Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory
        (AFRPL/XRX, Stop 24, Edwards Air Force Base, CA 93523-5000).
        NTIS AD-A160 734/0       PC A10/MF A01
        PC => Paper copy, A10 => $US57.90 -- or maybe Price Code?
        MF => MicroFiche, A01 => $US13.90

        Technical study on making, holding, and using antimatter for
        near-term (30-50 years) propulsion systems. Excellent
        bibliography. Forward is the best-known proponent
        of antimatter.

        This also may be available as UDR-TR-85-55 from the contractor,
        the University of Dayton Research Institute, and DTIC AD-A160
        from the Defense Technical Information Center, Defense Logistics
        Agency, Cameron Station, Alexandria, VA 22304-6145. And it's
        also available from the NTIS, with yet another number.

    "Advanced Space Propulsion Study, Antiproton and Beamed Power
        Propulsion", Robert Forward

        AFAL TR-87-070 from the Air Force Astronautics Laboratory, DTIC
        #AD-A189 218.
        NTIS AD-A189 218/1      PC A10/MF A01

        Summarizes the previous paper, goes into detail on beamed power
        systems including " 1) pellet, microwave, and laser beamed power
        systems for intersteller transport; 2) a design for a
        near-relativistic laser-pushed lightsail using near-term laser
        technology; 3) a survey of laser thermal propulsion, tether
        transportation systems, antiproton annihilation propulsion,
        exotic applications of solar sails, and laser-pushed
        interstellar lightsails; 4) the status of antiproton
        annihilation propulsion as of 1986; and 5) the prospects for
        obtaining antimatter ions heavier than antiprotons." Again,
        there is an extensive bibliography.

        "Application of Antimatter - Electric Power to Interstellar
        Propulsion", G. D. Nordley, JBIS Interstellar Studies issue of
        6/90.

    BUSSARD RAMJETS AND RELATED METHODS:

    G. L. Matloff and A. J. Fennelly, "Interstellar Applications and
    Limitations of Several Electrostatic/Electromagnetic Ion Collection
    Techniques", JBIS 30 (1977):213-222

    N. H. Langston, "The Erosion of Interstellar Drag Screens", JBIS 26
    (1973): 481-484

    C. Powell, "Flight Dynamics of the Ram-Augmented Interstellar
    Rocket", JBIS 28 (1975):553-562

    A. R. Martin, "The Effects of Drag on Relativistic Spacefight", JBIS
    25 (1972):643-652

    FUSION:

    "A Laser Fusion Rocket for Interplanetary Propulsion", Roderick Hyde,
    LLNL report UCRL-88857. (Contact the Technical Information Dept. at
    Livermore)

        Fusion Pellet design: Fuel selection. Energy loss mechanisms.
        Pellet compression metrics. Thrust Chamber: Magnetic nozzle.
        Shielding. Tritium breeding. Thermal modeling. Fusion Driver
        (lasers, particle beams, etc): Heat rejection. Vehicle Summary:
        Mass estimates. Vehicle Performance: Interstellar travel
        required exhaust velocities at the limit of fusion's capability.
        Interplanetary missions are limited by power/weight ratio.
        Trajectory modeling. Typical mission profiles. References,
        including the 1978 report in JBIS, "Project Daedalus", and
        several on ICF and driver technology.

    "Fusion as Electric Propulsion", Robert W. Bussard, Journal of
    Propulsion and Power, Vol. 6, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 1990

        Fusion rocket engines are analyzed as electric propulsion
        systems, with propulsion thrust-power-input-power ratio (the
        thrust-power "gain" G(t)) much greater than unity. Gain values
        of conventional (solar, fission) electric propulsion systems are
        always quite small (e.g., G(t)<0.8). With these, "high-thrust"
        interplanetary flight is not possible, because system
        acceleration (a(t)) capabilities are always less than the local
        gravitational acceleration. In contrast, gain values 50-100
        times higher are found for some fusion concepts, which offer
        "high-thrust" flight capability. One performance example shows a
        53.3 day (34.4 powered; 18.9 coast), one-way transit time with
        19% payload for a single-stage Earth/Mars vehicle. Another shows
        the potential for high acceleration (a(t)=0.55g(o)) flight in
        Earth/moon space.

    "The QED Engine System: Direct Electric Fusion-Powered Systems for
    Aerospace Flight Propulsion" by Robert W. Bussard, EMC2-1190-03,
    available from Energy/Matter Conversion Corp., 9100 A. Center
    Street, Manassas, VA 22110.

        [This is an introduction to the application of Bussard's version
        of the Farnsworth/Hirsch electrostatic confinement fusion
        technology to propulsion. 1500<Isp<5000 sec. Farnsworth/Hirsch
        demonstrated a 10**10 neutron flux with their device back in
        1969 but it was dropped when panic ensued over the surprising
        stability of the Soviet Tokamak. Hirsch, responsible for the
        panic, has recently recanted and is back working on QED. -- Jim
        Bowery]

    "PLASMAKtm Star Power for Energy Intensive Space Applications", by
    Paul M. Koloc, Eight ANS Topical Meeting on Technology of Fusion
    Energy, special issue FUSION TECHNOLOGY, March 1989.

        Aneutronic energy (fusion with little or negligible neutron
        flux) requires plasma pressures and stable confinement times
        larger than can be delivered by current approaches. If plasma
        pressures appropriate to burn times on the order of milliseconds
        could be achieved in aneutronic fuels, then high power densities
        and very compact, realtively clean burning engines for space and
        other special applications would be at hand. The PLASMAKtm
        innovation will make this possible; its unique pressure
        efficient structure, exceptional stability, fluid-mechanically
        compressible Mantle and direct inductive MHD electric power
        conversion advantages are described. Peak burn densities of tens
        of megawats per cc give it compactness even in the
        multi-gigawatt electric output size. Engineering advantages
        indicate a rapid development schedule at very modest cost. [I
        strongly recommend that people take this guy seriously. Bob
        Hirsch, the primary proponent of the Tokamak, has recently
        declared Koloc's PLASMAKtm precursor, the spheromak, to be one
        of 3 promising fusion technologies that should be pursued rather
        than Tokamak. Aside from the preceeding appeal to authority, the
        PLASMAKtm looks like it finally models ball-lightning with solid
        MHD physics. -- Jim Bowery]

    ION DRIVES:

    Retrieve files pub/SPACE/SPACELINK/6.5.2.* from the Ames SPACE
    archive; these deal with many aspects of ion drives and describe the
    SERT I and II missions, which flight-tested cesium ion thrusters in
    the 1960s and 70s. There are numerous references.

    MASS DRIVERS (COILGUNS, RAILGUNS):

    IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (for example, v. 27 no. 1, January
    1991 issue). Every so often they publish the proceedings of the
    Symposium on Electromagnetic Launcher Technology, including hundreds
    of papers on the subject. It's a good look at the state of the art,
    though perhaps not a good tutorial for beginners. Anybody know some
    good review papers?

    NUCLEAR ROCKETS (FISSION):

    "Technical Notes on Nuclear Rockets", by Bruce W. Knight and Donald
    Kingsbury, unpublished. May be available from: Donald Kingsbury,
    Math Dept., McGill University, PO Box 6070, Station A, Montreal,
    Quebec M3C 3G1 Canada.

    SOLAR SAILS:

    Starsailing. Solar Sails and Interstellar Travel. Louis Friedman,
    Wiley, New York, 1988, 146 pp., paper $9.95. (Not very technical,
    but an adequate overview.)

    "Roundtrip Interstellar Travel Using Laser-Pushed Lightsails
    (Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, vol. 21, pp. 187-95, Jan.-Feb.
    1984)

    TETHERS:

    _Tethers and Asteroids for Artificial Gravity Assist in the Solar
    System,_ by P.A. Penzo and H.L. Mayer., _Journal of Spacecraft
    and Rockets_ for Jan-Feb 1986.

        Details how a spacecraft with a kevlar tether of the same mass
        can change its velocity by up to slightly less than 1 km/sec. if
        it is travelling under that velocity wrt a suitable asteroid.

    GENERAL:

    "Alternate Propulsion Energy Sources", Robert Forward
        AFPRL TR-83-067.
        NTIS AD-B088 771/1      PC A07/MF A01   Dec 83 138p

        Keywords: Propulsion energy, metastable helium, free-radical
        hydrogen, solar pumped (sic) plasmas, antiproton annihiliation,
        ionospheric lasers, solar sails, perforated sails, microwave
        sails, quantum fluctuations, antimatter rockets... It's a wide,
        if not deep, look at exotic energy sources which might be useful
        for space propulsion. It also considers various kinds of laser
        propulsion, metallic hydrogen, tethers, and unconventional
        nuclear propulsion. The bibliographic information, pointing to
        the research on all this stuff, belongs on every daydreamer's
        shelf.

    Future Magic. Dr. Robert L. Forward, Avon, 1988. ISBN 0-380-89814-4.

        Nontechnical discussion of tethers, antimatter, gravity control,
        and even futher-out topics.


    SPY SATELLITES

    *Deep Black*, by William Burrows;
    "best modern general book for spysats."

    1) A Base For Debate: The US Satellite Station at Nurrungar, Des Ball,
    Allen and Unwin Australia, 1987 ISBN 0 04 355027 4 [ covers DSP early
    warning satellites]

    2) Pine Gap: Australia and the US Geostationary Signals intelligence
    satellite program, Des Ball, Allen and Unwin Australia, 1988 ISBN 0 04
    363002 5. [covers RHYOLITE/AQUACADE, CHALET/VORTEX, and MAGNUM signals
    intelligence satellites]

    3) Guardians: Strategic Reconnaissance Satellites, Curtis Peebles, 1987,
    Ian Allan, ISBN 0 7110 17654 [ good on MOL, military Salyut and Soviet
    satellites, less so on others. Tends to believe what he's told so flaws
    in discussion of DSP, RHYOLITE et al..]

    4) America's Secret Eyes In Space: The Keyhole Spy Satellite Program,
    Jeffrey Richelson, 1990, Harper and Row, ISBN 0 88730 285 8 [ in a class
    of its own, *the* historical reference on the KEYHOLE satellites]

    5) Secret Sentries in Space, Philip J Klass, 1971.
    "long out of print but well worth a look"


    SPACE SHUTTLE COMPUTER SYSTEMS

    %J Communications of the ACM
    %V 27
    %N 9
    %D September 1984
    %K Special issue on space [shuttle] computers

    %A Myron Kayton
    %T Avionics for Manned Spacecraft
    %J IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems
    %V 25
    %N 6
    %D November 1989
    %P 786-827

    Other various AIAA and IEEE publications.

    Computers in Spaceflight: The NASA Experience
    James E.  Tomayko
    1988?


    SETI COMPUTATION (SIGNAL PROCESSING)

    %A D. K. Cullers
    %A Ivan R. Linscott
    %A Bernard M. Oliver
    %T Signal Processing in SETI
    %J Communications of the ACM
    %V 28
    %N 11
    %D November 1984
    %P 1151-1163
    %K CR Categories and Subject Descriptors: D.4.1 [Operating Systems]:
    Process Management - concurrency; I.5.4 [Pattern Recognition]:
    Applications - signal processing; J.2 [Phsyical Sciences and Engineering]:
    astronomy
    General Terms: Design
    Additional Key Words and Phrases: digital Fourier transforms,
    finite impulse-response filters, interstellar communications,
    Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence, signal detection,
    spectrum analysis


    AMATEUR SATELLIES & WEATHER SATELLITES

    A fairly long writeup on receiving and interpreting weather satellite
    photos is available from the Ames SPACE archive in
    pub/SPACE/FAQ/WeatherPhotos.

    The American Radio Relay League publication service offers the following
    references (also see the section on AMSAT in the space groups segment of
    the FAQ):

    ARRL Satellite Experimenters Handbook,        #3185, $20
    ARRL Weather Satellite Handbook,        #3193, $20
    IBM-PC software for Weather Satellite Handbook, #3290, $10

    AMSAT NA 5th Space Symposium,            #0739, $12
    AMSAT NA 6th Space Symposium,            #2219, $12

    Shipping is extra.

    The American Radio Relay League
    Publications Department
    225 Main Street
    Newington, CT 06111
    (203)-666-1541


    TIDES

    Srinivas Bettadpur contributed a writeup on tides, available from the
    Ames SPACE archive in pub/SPACE/FAQ/Tides. It covers the following
    areas:

    - 2-D Example of Tidal Deformation
    - Treatment of Tidal Fields in Practice
    - Long term evolution of the Earth-Moon system under tides

    The writeup refers to the following texts:

    "Geophysical Geodesy" by K. Lambeck
    "Tides of the planet Earth" by P. Melchior

NEXT: FAQ #6/15 - Constants and equations for calculations
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From: [e-mail] (Jon Leech)
Newsgroups: sci.space,news.answers
Subject: Space FAQ 09/15 - Mission Schedules
Keywords: Frequently Asked Questions
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Date: 2 Dec 92 17:43:59 GMT
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Archive-name: space/schedule
Last-modified: $Date: 92/12/02 12:34:53 $

SPACE SHUTTLE ANSWERS, LAUNCH SCHEDULES, TV COVERAGE

    SHUTTLE LAUNCHINGS AND LANDINGS; SCHEDULES AND HOW TO SEE THEM

    Shuttle operations are discussed in the Usenet group sci.space.shuttle,
    and Ken Hollis ([e-mail]) posts a compressed version
    of the shuttle manifest (launch dates and other information)
    periodically there. The manifest is also available from the Ames SPACE
    archive in SPACE/FAQ/manifest. The portion of his manifest formerly
    included in this FAQ has been removed; please refer to his posting or
    the archived copy. For the most up to date information on upcoming
    missions, call (407) 867-INFO (867-4636) at Kennedy Space Center.

    Official NASA shuttle status reports are posted to sci.space.news
    frequently.

    HOW TO RECEIVE THE NASA TV CHANNEL, NASA SELECT

    NASA SELECT is broadcast by satellite. If you have access to a satellite
    dish, you can find SELECT on Satcom F2R, Transponder 13, C-Band, 72
    degrees West Longitude, Audio 6.8, Frequency 3960 MHz. F2R is stationed
    over the Atlantic, and is increasingly difficult to receive from
    California and points west. During events of special interest (e.g.
    shuttle missions), SELECT is sometimes broadcast on a second satellite
    for these viewers.

    If you can't get a satellite feed, some cable operators carry SELECT.
    It's worth asking if yours doesn't.

    The SELECT schedule is found in the NASA Headline News which is
    frequently posted to sci.space. Generally it carries press conferences,
    briefings by NASA officials, and live coverage of shuttle missions and
    planetary encounters. SELECT has recently begun carrying much more
    secondary material (associated with SPACELINK) when missions are not
    being covered.


    DIAL-A-SHUTTLE AND HOW TO USE IT

    Dial-A-Shuttle is a pay-per-call (900) service run by the National Space
    Society during shuttle missions. Call (909)-909-6272 24 bours a day from
    two hours before launch to the post-landing press conference. Include
    live communications between the astronauts and Mission Control and
    special updates and interviews. Cost is $2/first minute +
    $0.45/additional minutes. Limited to US and maybe Canada.

    NASA SELECT offers better coverage (for free) if you can get it.


    AMATEUR RADIO FREQUENCIES FOR SHUTTLE MISSIONS

    The following are believed to rebroadcast space shuttle mission audio:

    W6FXN  - Los Angeles
    K6MF   - Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California
    WA3NAN - Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland.
    W5RRR  - Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas
    W6VIO  - Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, California.
    W1AW Voice Bulletins